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عفتی, فاطمه, شبیری, سید محمد, 'برزگر, حسن, رضائی, مهدیه. (1403). طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش‌های شهروند محیط‌زیستی. فناوری آموزش, 18(3), 571-590. doi: 10.22061/tej.2024.10378.3005
فاطمه عفتی; سید محمد شبیری; حسن 'برزگر; مهدیه رضائی. "طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش‌های شهروند محیط‌زیستی". فناوری آموزش, 18, 3, 1403, 571-590. doi: 10.22061/tej.2024.10378.3005
عفتی, فاطمه, شبیری, سید محمد, 'برزگر, حسن, رضائی, مهدیه. (1403). 'طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش‌های شهروند محیط‌زیستی', فناوری آموزش, 18(3), pp. 571-590. doi: 10.22061/tej.2024.10378.3005
عفتی, فاطمه, شبیری, سید محمد, 'برزگر, حسن, رضائی, مهدیه. طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش‌های شهروند محیط‌زیستی. فناوری آموزش, 1403; 18(3): 571-590. doi: 10.22061/tej.2024.10378.3005

طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش‌های شهروند محیط‌زیستی

فناوری آموزش
مقاله 6، دوره 18، شماره 3 - شماره پیاپی 71، تیر 1403، صفحه 571-590    اصل مقاله (1.61 M)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22061/tej.2024.10378.3005
نویسندگان
فاطمه عفتی؛ سید محمد شبیری* ؛ حسن 'برزگر؛ مهدیه رضائی
گروه علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 21 مهر 1402،  تاریخ بازنگری: 24 آذر 1402،  تاریخ پذیرش: 17 دی 1402 
چکیده
پیشینه و اهداف: آموزش در جهت اصلاح نگرش و رفتار انسان با محیط پیرامونش، کلیـد رفـع بحران‌هـای محیط‌زیستی آینده است. این واقعیت، اجرای گسترده برنامه‌های آموزشی محیط­زیست برای شهروندان در بستر آموزش الکترونیکی را بیش از پیش ضروری ساخته است. جهت پیاده‌سازی موفق آموزش الکترونیکی، این‌گونه آموزش­ها نیاز به طراحی مدل مناسب دارد؛ از این‌رو هدف از انجام این پژوهش، طراحی و اعتباریابی مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش­های شهروند محیط­زیستی است.
روش‌ها‌: پژوهش حاضر، به لحاظ هدف، اکتشافی و از نظر ماهیت موضوعی، ‌کاربردی و توسعه‌ای و روش بررسی آن نیز، توصیفی تحلیلی است. بر این اساس، این پژوهش در دو مرحله انجام شده است. در مرحله اول، به‌منظور شناسایی مؤلفه­های لازم، از روش فراترکیب استفاده شده است و ضمن اجرای مصاحبه‌های اکتشافی نیمه‌ ساختاریافته، مجموعه­ای از پژوهش‌های مرتبط داخلی و خارجی قابل دسترس در پایگاه‌های اطلاعاتی و کتابخانه‌های دانشگاه‌ها یا مراکز دولتی مورد بهره­برداری قرار گرفته است. در عین حال، بررسی محتوایی برای استخراج کد از 150 پژوهش منتخب و نیز 22 مصاحبه انجام شده به‌صورت هدفمند و با استفاده از نرم‌افزار مکس کیودا بر اساس ملاک‌های تعیین شده انجام گرفته و برای سنجش پایایی نیز از ضریب کاپا استفاده شده است. در مرحله دوم پژوهش و به‌منظور اعتباریابی مدل، پرسش‌نامه پنج گزینه­ای مبتنی بر مقیاس لیکرت در اختیار 42 نفر از متخصصان محیط­زیست، آموزش محیط ‌زیست، آموزش الکترونیکی و آموزش شهروندی قرار داده شد و در نهایت، پس از جمع‌آوری اطلاعات، نتایج با استفاده از روش مدل‌سازی معادلات ساختاری (SEM) بارویکرد حداقل مربعات جزئی (PLS) مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: در بخش کیفی پژوهش با استفاده از روش فراترکیب، 15 مؤلفه و 49 گویه­ مربوط به مدل آموزش الکترونیکی در آموزش­های شهروند محیط زیستی احصا شد. شاخص کاپا 95/0 پایایی مدل طراحی‌ شده را تأیید می‌کند که در سطح توافق عالی قرار گرفته است. یافته‌های بخش کمّی پژوهش نشان داد در این مدل، تمامی بارهای عاملی در حد بسیار مطلوب و یا در حد قابل قبول ارزیابی می‌شود. مقدار آلفای کرونباخ برای تمامی مؤلفه‌ها بالای 7/0 و مقدار پایایی ترکیبی برای کلیه متغیرهای مدل ‌بالای 6/0 به‌دست آمده است که حاکی از پایایی درونی مناسب است. همچنین، میزان متوسط واریانس استخراج ‌شده در تمامی سازه‌های مدل ‌بالاتر از 5/0 به‌دست آمده است. بر این اساس، روایی واگرای مدل نیز تأیید می‌شود. ضریب تعیین R2 برای تمامی سازه‌های مدل در حد قابل‌توجهی ارزیابی و مناسب ‌بودن برازش مدل ساختاری هم تأیید شده‌است. اندازه اثر استخراج‌ شده نیز، نشان می­دهد کیفیت سیستم (795/0=Q2) بیشترین تأثیر را بر مدل داشته است. مقادیر t در تمامی مسیرهای مدل از 96/1 بیشتر است. با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از مدل­سازی معادلات ساختاری مبتنی بر روش حداقل مربعات جزئی، یافته­ها رابطه مثبت و معنادار مسیرهای طراحی‌شده میان مؤلفه­های مدل را تأیید می­کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: گویه­ها و مؤلفه­های معرفی شده در طراحی مدل پیشنهادی از تأییدیه خبرگان این امر نیز برخوردار هستند. مدل طراحی شده می‌تواند به‌عنوان ابزار مدیریتی در تقویت ارائه آموزش­های مفید و بهبود عملکرد آموزشی در این زمینه مؤثر واقع شود. همچنین، توسعه چنین مدل­هایی می‌تواند به‌عنوان راهنمای بهبود فرآیند آموزش به تصمیم‌گیرندگان کمک ‌کند تا خط مشی مناسبی را برای سرمای‍ه‌گذاری عوامل اثربخش در اتخاذ و توسعه این رویکرد آموزشی به‌کار گیرند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
آموزش الکترونیکی؛ شهروند محیطزیستی؛ اعتباریابی؛ مولفه؛ کیفی
موضوعات
آموزش الکترونیکی
عنوان مقاله [English]
Designing and Validating the E-Learning Model in Environmental Citizenship Training
نویسندگان [English]
F. Effati؛ S.M. Shobeiri؛ H. Barzegar؛ M. Rezaee
Department of Environmental Education, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: Education and improvement of human behavior with their surroundings, is the key to solving environmental crises. This shows the necessity of implementing environmental education programs on a large scale through electronic learning for citizens. In order to successfully implement e-learning, it is necessary to design a suitable model; therefore, the purpose of this research was to design and validate the model of e-learning in environmental-citizenship training.
Methods: This study was conducted with the aim of designing and validating the e-learning model in environmental citizenship training. This study was exploratory in terms of thematic nature and applied and developmental in terms of objective. This study was carried out in two phases; in the first phase, which was done with the meta-synthesis method, related domestic and foreign research available in the databases and libraries of universities or government centers were investigated and semi- structural exploratory interviews were used. According to the inclusion criteria, the content review was done on 150 researches, and 22 experts were selected to be interviewed in a purposive way using MAXQDA. The kappa coefficient (or Cohen's kappa) was used to measure reliability as well. In the second phase of the research, the validation of the model was done using a 5-point Likert scale survey, which was given to 42 experts in education, environment, electronic education, citizenship education, and in the second step, after collecting information, the data were analyzed using the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach.
Findings: Using the meta-synthesis method in the qualitative part of the research, 15 components and 49 items related to the EEC model of the environmental citizen were extracted. Cohen's kappa coefficient confirmed 0.95 reliability of the designed model, which was at the level of excellent agreement. According to the findings of the quantitative part of the research, all factor loadings in this model were evaluated as very favorable or acceptable. The value of Cronbach's alpha for all components was above 0.7 and the combined reliability value for all variables of the model was above 0.6, which indicated good internal reliability. The average amount of extracted variance in all of the model structures was above 0.5; therefore, the divergent validity of the model was also confirmed. The coefficient of determination R2 for all of the model structures was evaluated as significant, and the appropriateness of the fit of the structural model was confirmed. The extracted effect size also showed that the quality of the system (Q2=0.795) had the greatest impact on the model. The values of t in all paths of the model were greater than 1.96. According to the results obtained from the modeling of structural equations based on the partial least squares method, there was a positive and significant relationship in the designed paths between the components of the model.
Conclusion: The items and components introduced in the design of the proposed model were also approved by experts. The designed model can be effective as a management tool in strengthening the provision of useful training and improving educational performance in this field. Also, the development of such models can help the decision makers as a guide to improve the education process to adopt a suitable policy for investing effective factors in the adoption and development of this educational approach.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
E-learning, Environmental Citizenship, Validating, Component, Qualitative
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