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سلیمی, اسمعیل علی, رضایی, مریم. (1402). فناوری‌های دفتر کل توزیع شده: تأثیرات و پیامدها در نظام آموزشی. فناوری آموزش, 17(2), 391-406. doi: 10.22061/tej.2023.9384.2838
اسمعیل علی سلیمی; مریم رضایی. "فناوری‌های دفتر کل توزیع شده: تأثیرات و پیامدها در نظام آموزشی". فناوری آموزش, 17, 2, 1402, 391-406. doi: 10.22061/tej.2023.9384.2838
سلیمی, اسمعیل علی, رضایی, مریم. (1402). 'فناوری‌های دفتر کل توزیع شده: تأثیرات و پیامدها در نظام آموزشی', فناوری آموزش, 17(2), pp. 391-406. doi: 10.22061/tej.2023.9384.2838
سلیمی, اسمعیل علی, رضایی, مریم. فناوری‌های دفتر کل توزیع شده: تأثیرات و پیامدها در نظام آموزشی. فناوری آموزش, 1402; 17(2): 391-406. doi: 10.22061/tej.2023.9384.2838

فناوری‌های دفتر کل توزیع شده: تأثیرات و پیامدها در نظام آموزشی

فناوری آموزش
مقاله 11، دوره 17، شماره 2 - شماره پیاپی 66، فروردین 1402، صفحه 391-406    اصل مقاله (902.23 K)
نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22061/tej.2023.9384.2838
نویسندگان
اسمعیل علی سلیمی* ؛ مریم رضایی
گروه زبان و ادبیات انگلیسی، دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبان های خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی (ره) ، تهران، ایران
تاریخ دریافت: 09 آبان 1401،  تاریخ بازنگری: 04 دی 1401،  تاریخ پذیرش: 01 بهمن 1401 
چکیده
پیشینه و اهداف: این نگرش که جهان با روند‌‌‏‏‏ها، فناوری‌ها و نوآوری‌های نوظهور جهانی مواجه است، جهان را به تجربه آینده‌ای نامطمئن، پیچیده و ناپایدار سوق می‌دهد. بنابراین، از میان بسیاری از چالش‌های متنوع، بحث‌ برانگیز و جذابی که امروزه بشر با آن دست و پنجه نرم می‌کند، جدی‌ترین و حیاتی‌ترین چالش، درک تأثیر انقلاب فناوری جدید در حوزه‌های مختلف به ویژه آموزش است. اخیراً همه‌گیری کووید-۱۹ و قرنطینه‌های متعاقب آن نیز جهش تکنولوژیکی قابل توجهی در چشم‌انداز زندگی مدرن امروز ایجاد کرده است که منجر به تغییرات شدید و غیرمنتظره در آموزش شده است. از آنجا که کووید-۱۹ نیرویی برای انتقال از آموزش حضوری به آموزش برخط شده است؛ این مطالعه به دنبال بررسی این موضوع است که آیا فناوری‌ زنجیره بلوکی می‌تواند به مقابله­ موفقیت‌آمیز با چنین چالش بزرگ و جدیدی در آموزش کمک کند یا خیر. در این راستا، هدف پژوهشگران پژوهش حاضر بررسی کاربردها، تأثیرات و پیامدهای فناوری بلاکچین در نظام آموزشی است تا بررسی شود که آیا کاربردهای بلاکچین می توانند باعث تحولاتی در آموزش و بهبود کیفیت نظام آموزشی آینده شود یا خیر.  
روش‌ها‌: پژوهش حاضر با اتخاذ رویکرد کیفی برای ارائه بینش و تجربیات عمیق شرکت‌کنندگان انجام شد. جامعه هدف پژوهش حاضر شامل ۶۳ مرد و زن از پنج گروه افراد شامل سیاستگذاران آموزش عالی، مربیان تربیت معلم، متخصصان فناوری اطلاعات و ارتباطات، کارشناسان فناوری آموزشی و محققین آینده نظام آموزشی بود که به روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌های مورد نیاز از طریق انواع مصاحبه، روایت-پژوهی و داستان‌سرایی برخط از طریق شبکه مجازی واتس‌اپ، جمع‌آوری شد. مصاحبه به این دلیل انتخاب شد که در عمل راحت‌تر از سایر راهبردهای تحقیق کیفی بود. این راهبرد به دلیل ماهیتی که داشت، می توانست به درک صحیح و عمیق از موضوع تحقیق کمک بسیاری کند. به دلیل محوریت و نقش چشمگیر محیط‌های دیجیتال در زندگی بشر، از روایت-پژوهی، از طریق شبکه مجازی واتس‌اپ، به‌عنوان دومین راهبرد مؤثر استفاده شد. از آنجاکه محدودیت‌های زمانی و مکانی باعث کاهش تعاملات چهره به چهره شده است؛ چنین ابزار انعطاف‌پذیر و جذابی می‌توانست محیط تعاملی و مشارکتی جذابی را برای شرکت‌کنندگان فراهم کند تا داستان‌ها را به‌صورت همزمان یا غیرهمزمان بیان کنند. در مرحله جمع‌آوری داده‌های مصاحبه، روند جمع‌آوری داده‌ها تا رسیدن به حد اشباع ادامه یافت که براساس آن ۲۵ مصاحبه انجام شد و ۳۸ نفر در روایت-پژوهی شرکت کردند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها و استخراج مضامین مورد نیاز، تحلیل مضمون شامل کدگذاری اولیه، کدگذاری متمرکز و کدگذاری محوری انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها منجر به استخراج مضامین مختلفی شد؛ تنوع برنامه‌های درسی، ارزیابی عملکرد تحصیلی دانشجویان، مدیریت کیفیت دستاوردهای یادگیری، مدیریت ثبت و ذخیره نتایج یادگیری، مدیریت گواهینامه‌های دانشگاهی و یادگیری مادام‌العمر. هریک از مضامین نشان‌دهنده یکی از کاربردهای مهم بلاکچین در آموزش آینده است. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها نشان داد که بلاکچین به دلیل ویژگی‌های خاص خود مانند امنیت، اعتماد، شفافیت، تغییرناپذیری، حریم خصوصی، یکپارچگی، احراز هویت، استحکام، مسئولیت‌پذیری و تمرکززدایی، نقش مهمی در تحول آموزش آینده ایفا می‌کند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر می‌تواند سیاستگذاران، مربیان، مدیران، رهبران، دست اندرکاران و تمامی ذینفعان نظام آموزشی به‌ویژه، آموزش عالی را از ظهور روندها، فناوری‌ها، نوآوری‌ها و تحولات جهانی و تأثیرات آنها بر آموزش آینده آگاه کند. اکنون که نفوذ روز به روز پیشرفت‌های فناوری با همه‌گیری ویروس کرونا نیز در سراسر جهان همزمان شده است، لازم است تا با به‌کارگیری فناوری‌ها و انجام کلیه تغییرات لازم برای بازآفرینی نظام آموزشی، گامی در جهت ارتقای کیفیت آموزشی برداشته شود. امید است پژوهش حاضر منبع قابل اعتمادی برای تحقیقات آتی در زمینه آموزش باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
فناوری های دفتر کل توزیع شده؛ نظام آموزشی؛ تاثیرات؛ دلالت ها
موضوعات
فناوری های آموزشی نوظهور
عنوان مقاله [English]
Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs): Impacts and implications on the education system
نویسندگان [English]
E.A. Salimi؛ M. Rezaei Ghahroudi
Department of English language and Literature, Faculty of Persian Literature and Foreign Languages, Allameh Tabataba’i University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]
Background and Objectives: The idea that the world is facing global emerging trends, technologies, and innovations lead the world to experience an uncertain, complex, and unstable future. Therefore, of the many diverse, controversial, and attractive challenges humankind deal with today, the most intense and critical is understanding the effect of the new technology revolution in various fields, especially in education. Recently, the Covid-19 pandemic and its subsequent quarantines have created a significant technological leap in the modern life landscape, leading to drastic and unexpected changes in education. As Covid-19 is a force to make the transition from face-to-face to online education, this study seeks to investigate whether distributed ledger technologies can help successfully tackle this new and major challenge. In this light, the researchers of the present study aimed to examine the impacts and implications of these technologies on the education system to see if they would improve the quality of education in the future.
Methods: The current study was conducted adopting a qualitative approach to provide in-depth insights and experiences of the participants. The target population of the present research included sixty-three males and females from five groups of people including higher education policymakers, teacher training instructors, information and communication technology specialists, educational technology experts, and future researchers of the educational system recruited through purposive sampling. The required data were collected through different types of interviews and narrative analysis which was conducted through WhatsApp network. The interview was selected since it was practically more convenient than other qualitative research instruments. This instrument, due to its nature, could provide a trustworthy contextualized and deep understanding of the research issue. Narrative analysis was used as the second fruitful instrument due to the centrality and impressive role digital environments play in human life. Since time and space constraints have reduced face-to-face interactions, such a flexible and attractive instrument could provide an interactive and collaborative environment for participants to tell their stories either synchronically or Asynchronically. The process of data collection continued until saturation was reached, based on which 25 interviews were conducted and 38 members participated in narrative inquiry. To analyze the data and for the themes to be extracted, thematic analysis including initial coding, focused coding, and axial coding was conducted.
Findings: The results of the data analysis led to the following themes extracted: curriculum diversity, assessing students' academic performance, quality management of learning achievements, recording management of learning outcomes, academic certificate administration, and lifelong learning. Each of the themes represents one of the blockchain implications in future education. The analysis of the interviews and narrative inquiry indicated that Blockchain, due to its specific features such as security, trust, transparency, immutability, privacy, integrity, authentication, robustness, accountability, and decentralization, plays a critical role in transforming future education.
Conclusion: The results of the present study can inform policymakers, educators, managers, leaders, practitioners, and all stakeholders of the education system, especially higher education, of the global emerging trends, technologies, innovations, and developments and their effects on future education. Now that the day-to-day penetration of technological advancements coincides with the Corona virus epidemic around the world, it is necessary to apply technologies and take all necessary changes  to recreate the education system in order to take a step towards improving the quality of education. It is hoped that the present study will be a reliable source for further future researches on education.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Distributed ledger technologies, Education system, Impacts, Implications
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