Applying Partial Differential Equations on Cubic Uniform Local Binary Pattern to Reveal Micro-Changes

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	Applying Partial Differential Equations on Cubic Uniform Local Binary Pattern to Reveal Micro-Changes
Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering Innovations (JECEI)
مقاله 18، دوره 12، شماره 1، فروردین 2024، صفحه 259-270 اصل مقاله (1.28 M)
نوع مقاله: Original Research Paper
شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22061/jecei.2023.9600.639
نویسندگان
V. Esmaeili¹؛ M. Mohassel Feghhi^* ¹؛ S. O. Shahdi²
¹Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
²Department of Electrical Engineering, Qazvin Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qazvin, Iran
تاریخ دریافت: 01 شهریور 1402، تاریخ بازنگری: 16 آبان 1402، تاریخ پذیرش: 13 آذر 1402
چکیده
Background and Objectives: The world we live in everyday, accompany with enormous numbers of minute variations which affect us and our surroundings in several aspects. These variations, so called micro-changes, are low in intensity and brief in duration which makes them almost invisible to naked eyes. Nonetheless, revealing them could open up a new wide range of applications from security, business, engineering, medical, and seismology to psychology. Methods: In this paper, we adopted a novel autonomous approach comprising Partial Differential Equations (PDE) and Cubic Uniform Local Binary Pattern (Cubic-ULBP) to spot micro-changes. Cubic-ULBP extracts 15 planes containing robust features against noise and illumination variations. Afterwards, PDE pick out single plane out of 15 to reduce time consumption. Results: The proposed method is not only optimized to get the job done perfectly but also provides promising results comparing with most state-of-the-art methods. So that the accuracy is increased about 36% and 40% on the CASME and the CASME II databases, respectively. Conclusion: The combination of the PDE and the Cubic-ULBP creates a strong and optimal method for detecting the apex frame and micro-movement. This method's performance is found to be promising when the training samples are scarce, too.
کلیدواژه‌ها
Apex؛ Cubic-ULBP؛ Micro-changes؛ Micro-expression؛ Partial Differential Equations (PDE)

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