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نقد و بررسی دیدگاه عروض وجود بر ماهیت | ||
| پژوهش های هستی شناختی | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 11، شماره 21، شهریور 1401 اصل مقاله (518.96 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22061/orj.2022.1774 | ||
| نویسنده | ||
| محمد ذبیحی | ||
| استاد دانشگاه قم | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 16 آذر 1400، تاریخ بازنگری: 26 تیر 1401، تاریخ پذیرش: 27 تیر 1401 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| دیدگاه عروض وجود بر ماهیت که نتیجه طبیعی دکترین ابن سینا درباره تمایز وجود و ماهیت است در شرق عالم اسلام از سوی شیخ اشراق و در مغرب عالم اسلامی از سوی ابن رشد مورد مخالفت جدی قرار گرفته است، اینان مدعی شده اند نظریه عروض وجود بر ماهیت از سوی ابن سینا، نظام فلسفی او را گرفتار بن بست فلسفی نموده است ،ازاین رو پژوهش حاضر درپی پاسخ به این پرسش اصلی است که آیا نظریه عروض وجود بر ماهیت بامبانی اساسی هستی شناسانه ابن سینا ناسازگاری درونی دارد؟،بدون تردید چنانچه ادعای منتقدان درست باشد پایه های وجود شناسانه ابن سینا فرو می ریزد چنان که پذیرش دیدگاه ویژه او در خصوص برهانی که آنرا برهان صدیقین نامید ونظریه اتحاد مصداقی ومفهومی ذات و صفات را بغایت دشواربلکه غیر قابل قبول می نماید،چنان که اثبات نادرستی ادعای منتقدان افزون بر این دستآورد اساسی که در منظومه هندسی هستی شناسی ابن سینا هیچگونه ناسازگاری نیست دیدگاههای ویژه اورا در باره ذات وصفات الهی از آنچه فیلسوفان دیگر گفته اند بجد برجسته ومتمایز می سازد ،سزاوار توجه است که سه نظام فلسفی بزرگ دنیای اسلام سینوی، اشراقی و صدرائی در مبانی و روشها جدال دراز دامنی با یکدیگر دارند ،لیکن برداشت این است درخصوص مسأله عروض وجود بر ماهیت و به بیان روشن تر چگونگی رابطه وجود و ماهیت در ذهن و خارج پیش از آن که اختلاف آنان ناشی از تفاوت در مبانی فلسفی باشد برخاسته از برداشتهای نظری است. پژوهش حاضر کوشیده است با ارائه نظریه ابن سینا درباره مسأله یاد شده همراه با دیدگاه منتقدان به نقد و ارزیابی آن بپردازد. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها | ||
| وجود؛ ماهیت؛ عروض و زیادت؛ ذات وصفات الهی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Critiquing the View of the Attribution of Existence to Quiddity | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| Mohammad Zabihi | ||
| Professor, Islamic Philosophy and Theology Department, Faculty of Theology, University of Qom, Qom, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Research regarding any academic topic possesses the required importance and necessity and this importance and necessity is twofold regarding foundational issues and especially if the research topic is one of the topics on which other philosophical issues depend. Certainly, the necessity of research regarding that is considered one of the first priorities. Thus, the topic “Critiquing the View of the Attribution of Existence to Quiddity” holds such importance that if the view of the non-consequentialist critics were to be correct; it would inevitably result in an impasse in the Avicennan philosophical system. In fact, it can be claimed that the measure of the importance of the study, assessment, and reaching the right judgment in this regard is beyond any philosophical issue. And it has been indicated regarding the history of the research that apart from ancient philosophical texts and related works that have been addressed in the three philosophical systems of the Islamic world, no independent works that have addressed this topic have been considered. To find the answer to the main question of the research which is whether the view of the attribution of existence to quiddity is internally incompatible with the essential foundations of Avicenna’s ontology, the author first indicates the difficulty of the attribution of existence to quiddity through the problem statement of the study, explaining the point of conflict, and a short explanation regarding the main terms because considering the founders of the Avicennan, Illuminationist, and Sadrian philosophical systems consider the existence of two primaries in the external world to be incorrect, the question regarding the relationship between existence and quiddity in the mind and external world, and explaining the manner it happens, beyond the primacy and the mentally-positedness of each existence and quiddity, the main concern is that each philosophical system must present a clear answer for that because all three philosophical systems are in consensus on the issue that the relationship between existence and quiddity in the mind is in the form of analytical attributions; that is, existence is attributed to quiddity; however, Shaykh al-Ishraq cites Avicenna’s statement in which he asserts the attribution of existence to quiddity as well as the interpretation that has been made from the words of his student Bahmanyar and assumes that attribution according to Avicenna refers to external attribution and accordingly, in the first judgment with the Peripatetics in the book Ḥikmat al-Ishrāq, he claims that the Peripatetics have based their philosophy on existence whereas existence is mentally-posited and he presents six arguments for the claim that the external attribution of existence to quiddity is incorrect. | ||
| کلیدواژه‌ها [English] | ||
| Existence, Quiddity, Attribution of Existence to Quiddity | ||
| مراجع | ||
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Ibn Sina, Al-Shifa, Al-Ilahyat, research by al-Istazhin Abb Qanawati and Saeed Zayed, Nasser Khosrow Publications, Tehran, first edition, 1982. Arabic Ibn Sina, Al-Taliqat, Publishing Center of Islamic Propaganda Office of Qom Seminary, 1999. Arabic Ibn Sina, al-Mobahesaat, research and suspension of Mohsen Bidar, Bidar Publications, Qom, 1990. Arabic Ibn Sina, Al-Isharat wa’l-tanbihat with Al-Sharh by the researcher Nasir al-Din al-Tusi and Al-Sharh al-Sharh by Allamah Qutb al-Din al-Razi, vol. 1 and 3, Al-Kitab Publishing House, 1403 AH. Arabic Ibn Rushd, Muhammad Ibn Ahmad, Tafsir Ma Baad al-Tabiyyah, vol. 1, Dar al-Mashriq, Beirut, Bita. Arabic Ebrahimi Dinani, Gholamhossein, General Rules in Islamic Philosophy, Iranian Philosophy Association, Tehran, 1978. Persian Bahmanyar, graduate, correction and suspension of Morteza Motahari, Institute of Publishing and Printing, University of Tehran, second edition, 1996. Arabic Haeri Yazdi, Mahdi, "The relationship between existence and essence in Ibn Sina's philosophy", collection of articles and lectures of Ibn Sina's Millennium 2-7 March 1979, issue 43 of the publications of the National Commission of UNESCO in Iran. Persian Haeri Yazdi, Mahdi, Explorations of theoretical reason, Amir Kabir Publishing House, Tehran, 1980. Persian Qutb al-Din Shirazi, Mahmud bin Masoud, Commentary on Hikmah al-Ishraq, published by Mohsen Bidarfar, undated. Arabic Sabzevari, Haj Malahadi, Description of Hikmat system, undated. Arabic Sohrvardi, collection of works, vol. 2, proofreading and introduction by Hanry Karban, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research (Research Institute), Tehran, 1993. Arabic Farabi, Abu Nasr, al-Haruf, Dar al-Mashrek, Beirut, 1990 AD. Arabic Lahiji, Abdul Razzaq, Shawarq al-ilham fi Sharh Tajrid al-Etiqad, Vol. 1, research by Sheikh Akbar Asad Alizadeh, second edition, Qom, Imam Sadiq Institute (AS), 2004. Arabic Motahari, Morteza, collection of works, vol. 9, Sadra Publications, 1997. Persian Mulla Sadra, Al-Mabaa wa Al-Maad fi al-Hikma al-Mu'taaliyyah, Volume 1, correction and research and introduction by Mohammad Zabihi, Jafar Shanzari, Mulla Sadra Islamic Wisdom Foundation, 2000. Arabic Mulla Sadra, Al-Shawahid al-Rubabiyyah fi Al-Manhaj al-Sukkiyeh with the notes of Hakim Mohaghegh Haj Mulla Hadi Sabzevari, suspension and correction and introduction by Seyyed Jalaluddin Ashtiani, Mashhad University Publications, 1981. Arabic | ||
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