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ارزیابی میزان آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان برای یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاههای ایران | ||
| فناوری آموزش | ||
| مقاله 9، دوره 15، شماره 1 - شماره پیاپی 57، دی 1399، صفحه 101-117 اصل مقاله (840.69 K) | ||
| نوع مقاله: مقاله پژوهشی | ||
| شناسه دیجیتال (DOI): 10.22061/tej.2020.6051.2324 | ||
| نویسندگان | ||
| مهدیه فرازکیش1؛ غلامعلی منتظر* 2 | ||
| 1گروه پژوهشهای فناوری و نوآوری، موسسه مطالعات و پژوهشهای بازرگانی، تهران، ایران | ||
| 2گروه مهندسی فناوری اطلاعات، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران | ||
| تاریخ دریافت: 14 مهر 1398، تاریخ بازنگری: 23 شهریور 1399، تاریخ پذیرش: 07 مهر 1399 | ||
| چکیده | ||
| پیشینه و اهداف: نسلکنونی یادگیرندگان دانشگاهی به دلیل سهولت ظاهری کاربری و آشنایی با فنّاوریهای شبکهای، به عنوان «بومیان دیجیتال» قلمداد میشوند؛ با این حال ابهاماتی در خصوص میزان آمادگی دانشجویان برای تحصیل در محیط یادگیری الکترونیکی وجود دارد. به ویژه بیانگیزگی دانشجویان ایرانی نسبت به آموزشهای الکترونیکی به رغم سرمایهگذاریهای زیرساختی بسیار طی دو دهة گذشته، چالش بزرگی است که اخیراً توجه برنامهریزان آموزش عالی کشور را نسبت به سطح آمادگی دانشجویان برای یادگیری الکترونیکی به خصوص از منظر ادراکی، جلب نموده است. هدف اصلی از این پژوهش بررسی سطح آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان دانشگاههای کشور برای یادگیری الکترونیکی است. بنابراین در مطالعة حاضر بررسی وضعیت فعلی آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان دانشگاههای ایران برای حضور در محیط یادگیری الکترونیکی فراتر از پیشفرض «وجود» یا «فقدان» این آمادگی، بهگونهای است که میزان آمادگی واقعی آنها در تعدادی از دانشگاههای مهم کشور تعیین شود. روشها: این پژوهش از منظر فلسفی در پارادایم اثباتگرایی قرار میگیرد و از منطق استدلال قیاسی استفاده میشود. هدفگذاری کلان آن کاربردی است و از استراتژی پژوهش پیمایش برای گردآوری دادههای دست اول با بهکارگیری ابزار پرسشنامه استفاده شده است. دادههای پژوهش در بازه زمانی آوریل 2018 تا فوریه 2019 گردآوری شده است. علاوه بر این، از دو رویکرد مکمل در تدوین و وزندهی شاخصها و سنجههای ارزیابی آمادگی یادگیری الکترونیکی دانشجویان استفاده شده است: نخست استفاده از شاخصها و سنجههایی که در تحقیقات پیشین ساخته شده است و دیگر استفاده از نظر خبرگان موضوع در کشور. استفاده از دادههای سایر پژوهشها سبب میشود امکان مقایسة نتایج با یافتههای محققان دیگر پدیدار گردد و استفاده از نظر خبرگان سبب بومیسازی شاخصها و سنجهها با مقتضیات و بافت آموزش عالی کشور میشود. سنجههای ارزیابی آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان ذیل چهار شاخص: «نگرشی»، «درک سودمندی»، «گرایشی» و «درک خودکارآمدی» تعیین و وزن هر یک از سنجهها محاسبه شده است. سپس بر اساس مدل حاصل، میزان آمادگی دانشجویان در تعدادی از دانشگاههای جامع و دانشگاههای تخصصی برآورد شده است. یافتهها:میانگین آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان برای یادگیری الکترونیکی در 15 دانشگاه منتخب کشور مقدار 9/4 از 10 بهدست آمده است که نشان دهندۀ وضعیت در سطح «متوسط» آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان است. نتایج حاصل نشان میدهد که در حدود 35 درصد سنجههای ارزیابی، آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان کمتر از حد «متوسط» و میانگین آمادگی در همة معیارها در حد «متوسط» است. همچنین یافتههای پژوهش بیانگر آن است که با توجه به آمادگی ادراکی نسبی دانشجویان برای یادگیری الکترونیکی به ویژه در شاخصهای درک خودکارآمدی و نگرشی، دانشگاهها میباید دو فعالیت اصلی «تقویت بیش از پیش زمینههای خودکارآمدی دانشجویان از طریق یادگیری الکترونیکی» و «فراهم آوردن محیط مناسب برای یادگیری الکترونیکی دانشجویان» را در دستور کار خود قرار دهند. نتیجهگیری: با توجه به کاهش تعداد دانشجویان دورههای آموزش الکترونیکی در ایران، نتایج این مطالعه نشان میدهد که یکی از دلایل مهم عدم موفقیت نظامهای یادگیری الکترونیکی در دانشگاههای کشور میتواند عدم آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان به ویژه از منظر شاخصهای «درک سودمندی یادگیری الکترونیکی» و «آمادگی گرایشی» دانشجویان باشد. سطح پایینتر از حد «متوسط» دانشجویان در شاخصهای آمادگی «گرایشی» و «درک سودمندی»، لزوم تمرکز بر موضوع آگاهیبخشی و آموزش دانشجویان در این حوزه را میطلبد. علاوه بر این با تکیه بر آمادگی نسبی دانشجویان در شاخصهای درک خودکارآمدی و نگرشی، دانشگاهها میباید دو فعالیت اصلی را در دستور کار خود قرار دهند: 1) تقویت بیش از پیش زمینههای خودکارآمدی دانشجویان از طریق یادگیری الکترونیکی، و 2) فراهم آوردن محیط مناسب برای یادگیری الکترونیکی دانشجویان. | ||
| کلیدواژهها | ||
| یادگیری الکترونیکی؛ ارزیابی آمادگی الکترونیکی؛ آمادگی ادراکی دانشجویان؛ آموزش عالی؛ دانشگاههای ایران | ||
| موضوعات | ||
| یادگیری الکترونیکی | ||
| عنوان مقاله [English] | ||
| Assessment of students' perceptual readiness for e-learning in Iranian Universities | ||
| نویسندگان [English] | ||
| M. Farazkish1؛ Gh. Montazer2 | ||
| 1Department of Technology and Innovation Research, Institute For Trade Studies and Research, Tehran, Iran | ||
| 2Department of Information Technology Engineering, School of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran | ||
| چکیده [English] | ||
| Background and Objectives: The current generation of academic learners is considered "digital natives" because of their ease of use and familiarity with networking technologies; However, there are ambiguities about the readiness of students to study in an e-learning environment. In particular, Iranian students' lack of motivation for e-learning, despite much infrastructure investment over the past two decades, has been a major challenge that has recently attracted the attention of higher education planners to e-learning readiness, especially from a perceptual perspective. This study investigated the perceptual readiness level of Iranian students for e-learning. Therefore, the current state of perceptual readiness of Iranian students to participate in the e-learning environment beyond the presumption of "existence" or "lack" of this preparation is such that their actual readiness is determined in a number of important universities. Methods: This research is philosophically placed in the positivism paradigm and the logic of deductive reasoning is used. Its macro-targeting is applied, and the survey research strategy is used to collect first-hand data using a questionnaire tool. The survey data were collected between April 2018 and February 2019. In addition, two complementary approaches have been used to formulate and weigh the indicators and criteria for assessing students' e-learning readiness: first, the use of indicators and criteria developed in previous research, and second, and the use of subject matter experts in the country. The use of data from other researches makes it possible to compare the results with the findings of other researchers, and the use of expert opinion causes the localization of indicators and criteria with the requirements and context of higher education in the country. The students' perceptual readiness was measured by the following four scales: Attitude, Perceived usefulness, Willingness and Perceived self-efficacy; Then, the weight of each scale and measure will be calculated. Finally, based on the rating results, the students' perceptual readiness at the number of comprehensive universities and specialized universities will be estimated. Findings: The average perceptual readiness of students for e-learning in 15 selected Iranian universities is 4.9 out of 10, which indicates the situation at the "average" level. Also, the findings show that about 35% of the students' readiness measures are below the "good" level, and the average of all readiness measures is at the "medium" level. Also, considering students' relative perceptual readiness for e-learning, especially in "perceived self-efficacy" and "attitudes" scales, the deans of universities should focus on the two main activities of "enhancing students' self-efficacy through e-learning" and "providing an appropriate e-learning environment”. Conclusion: Considering the decrease in the number of e-learning Iranian students, the results of this study show that one of the important reasons for the failure of e-learning systems in Iranian universities can be students' lack of perceptual readiness. At the same time, considering the lower than average level of students' readiness in the "willingness" and "perceived usefulness" scales, there is a need to focus on awareness and education of students in this regard. Besides, relying on students 'relative readiness to understand self-efficacy and attitude indicators, universities should put two main activities on their agenda: 1) further strengthening students' self-efficacy through e-learning, and 2) providing a suitable environment. For e-learning for students. | ||
| کلیدواژهها [English] | ||
| E-learning, E-learning Readiness, Student Perceptual Readiness, Higher Education, Iranian Universities | ||
| مراجع | ||
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